achilous

Definition & Etymology

Achilous (or achylia gastrica) describes the complete absence of hydrochloric acid (HCl) and pepsin from gastric secretions, representing the most severe form of hypochlorhydria. The term originates from Greek: a- (“without”) and chylos (“juice”). This state is confirmed when gastric pH remains high despite stimulation. An achilous stomach cannot effectively digest proteins or sterilize ingested food.

Clinical Significance

The lack of gastric acid causes protein maldigestion and severe malabsorption of vital nutrients, including iron, calcium, and vitamin B12, often leading to anemia. The stomach’s natural acidic barrier against pathogens is lost, increasing the risk of gastrointestinal infections and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO). Clinical signs include bloating, diarrhea, and symptoms related to underlying nutritional deficiencies.

Related Conditions

An achilous state is a sign of underlying pathology. It is a hallmark of pernicious anemia, an autoimmune disorder that destroys acid-producing parietal cells. It is also strongly associated with chronic atrophic gastritis and is a major risk factor for gastric adenocarcinoma (stomach cancer). Prolonged use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) can induce a functional achilous state. It is a critical finding that prompts further investigation for these serious conditions.

Key Takeaways

• Achilous is the total absence of stomach acid, impairing protein digestion and nutrient absorption.
• It leads to a high risk of nutritional deficiencies (B12, iron) and gastrointestinal infections.
• The condition is a classic feature of pernicious anemia and a significant risk factor for stomach cancer.

Note: This content is for informational purposes only and does not substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult your doctor for diagnosis and treatment.